prevalence of HIV in Cameroon, as a percentage of the population aged 15–49 years, stood at 4.3 per cent in 2012 – almost five times the 1990 figure. Confirmed deaths caused by malaria are reducing year on year, with just 3,209 deaths in 2012, compared to 7,673 in 2008. However, there was a sharp increase between the years of 2006 and 2008, during which time the number of deaths increased seven-fold. Estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been steadily falling since a peak in 2002–03, down to 235 in 2013. Estimated mortality from TB (when data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) has also been reducing since 2007. There is little data available concerning common diagnoses of mental illness in Cameroon, although high rates of depression are often linked with raised levels of HIV/AIDS. Neuropsychiatric disorders contributed an estimated 6.1 per cent to the global burden of disease in 2008. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Cameroon accounted for an estimated 31 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The most prevalent C ame r o o n NCDs are cardiovascular diseases, which accounted for 11 per cent of total deaths across all age groups in 2012. Non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes contributed two per cent, three per cent and two per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for eight per cent of deaths in 2012. Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was two per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$20 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2009, there were 19 doctors, and 160 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2011, 64 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and, in 2013, 83 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 74 per cent of the country’s population was using an improved drinking water source and 45 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Cameroon has less than one pharmaceutical professional per 100,000 people. Cameroon has three referral hospitals, some 70 general hospitals and 50 private hospitals together with a wide network of public and private health centres. Facilities outside Yaoundé and Douala are extremely limited. There are between 300 and 400 pharmacies in the country. A handful of licensed wholesalers import pharmaceuticals, mainly from France and India. Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 159 Under-five mortality 200 150 100 50 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 0 Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 6 5 4 3 2 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 60 50 1 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Communicable diseases, Injuries maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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