Burden of disease: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for an estimated 60 per cent of all mortality in India in 2012. In 2012 the most prevalent NCDs were cardiovascular diseases (26 per cent). Non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes contributed 13 per cent, seven per cent and two per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for 12 per cent of deaths in 2012. Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions accounted for an estimated 28 per cent of all mortality in 2012. In 2012 HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–49 years in India was approximately 0.3 per cent. The overall number of confirmed cases of, as well as deaths from, malaria in the country decreased significantly in the period 2000–12. Estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) fell overall in the period 1990–2013. This trend was reflected in the estimated levels of TB mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV), which also fell slightly during this time. The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in India are depression, personality disorder and anxiety. Also present are mental health conditions relating to psychoactive substance misuse. I n d i a Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was 1.3 per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$20 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2012, there were 70 doctors, and 171 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2011, 67 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 74 per cent of one-year olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 93 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 36 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that India has 52 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. National health programmes have been established to combat malaria, filaria, sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV/AIDS), leprosy and TB. Family welfare centres give advice and education on family planning. India is one of world’s largest consumerdirected health care markets, with private sector spending making up around 80 per cent of total health expenditure in 2007. There is no specific licensing system for hospitals, most of which are in urban areas and include charitable hospitals, religious mission hospitals, privately funded hospitals and government hospitals. The rural health care system is provided by more than 20,000 centres, backed by sub-centres, community health centres and dispensaries. Private health insurance grew significantly in the period 2000–10 following deregulation. There are about 10,000 companies involved in the multi-billion-dollar pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is heavily regulated, with more than 354 Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 185 Under-five mortality 150 120 90 60 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 30 Life expectancy 1980 1990 2000 2013 Life expectancy Life expectancy in years 80 70 60 50 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Injuries Communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 250 200 150 100 50 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
To see the actual publication please follow the link above