2010. Estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) almost doubled overall in the period 1990–2013, whereas estimated mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) has remained the same overall in this period, despite some fluctuation. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Kenya accounted for an estimated 27 per cent of all mortality in 2012. In 2008 the most prevalent NCDs were cardiovascular diseases (nine per cent). Cancer, diabetes and non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases contributed seven per cent, two per cent and one per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for ten per cent of deaths in 2012. There is a lack of information concerning common diagnoses of mental illness in Kenya. Neuropsychiatric disorders contributed an estimated 5.7 per cent of the global burden of disease in 2008. Health systems: Kenya’s public spending on health was 1.8 per cent of GDP in 2012, equivalent to US$17 per capita. In the most recent survey conducted between 1997 and 2011, there were 18 K e n y a doctors, and 79 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2009, 44 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 93 per cent of one-year olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 62 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 30 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Kenya has 16 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi is the country’s major hospital. Other hospitals include Mombasa Hospital and Aga Khan Hospital, and private hospitals include Nairobi Hospital, Karen Hospital, Diani Beach Hospital and the Mater Hospital. Kenya is the largest producer of pharmaceutical products in the Common Market for the eastern and southern Africa region. The local pharmaceutical industry in Kenya consists of three segments, namely manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Local manufacturing caters to about a third of the market demand and the rest is fulfilled by imports. The most recent act relating to mental health in Kenya is the Mental Health Act 2013. The Mathari Psychiatric Hospital is the country’s only mental health inpatient facility and it is institutional in focus. Health MDGs: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mature in 2015, but monitoring of progress is ongoing due to the time it takes to collect and analyse data from each country. Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 191 Under-five mortality 120 100 80 60 40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 20 Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 12 10 8 6 4 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 70 60 50 2 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Communicable diseases, Injuries maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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