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Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015

C ommo nwe a l t h memb e r c o u n t r i e s confirmed cases remained roughly the same. There has been a slight overall increase in estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the period 1990–2012, while estimated mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) of the disease remained largely the same in 2007–13. The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in Malaysia are anxiety, depression and stress disorders. Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was 2.2 per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$230 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2010, there were 120 doctors, and 328 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2010, 99 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 95 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012 everyone was using an improved drinking water source and 96 per cent of people had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Malaysia has 43 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Malaysia has a well-established and efficient health sector with many public and private health care providers. The public health care programme is accessible to everyone as it is subsidised by the government and is used by the majority of the Malaysian population. As of 2010 households contributed approximately 42 per cent of spending on health, with the remaining 58 per cent contributed by the government. Notably, Malaysia is a popular destination for medical tourism. The domestic pharmaceutical industry consists of manufacturers engaged in the process of drug production, including research, development and licensing. The Malaysian Organisation of Pharmaceutical Industries is the key sector body and the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau regulates the sector through the Drug Control Authority. The most recent act of parliament relating to mental health in Malaysia is the Mental Health Act 2001, which was most recently revised in 2010. There are 2.6 mental health outpatient facilities and 15 beds in psychiatric hospitals per 100,000 people. Health MDGs: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mature in 2015, but monitoring of progress is ongoing due to the time it takes to collect and analyse data from each country. For Malaysia to achieve its targets for the reduction of child mortality, which form MDG 4, it should have reduced under-five deaths per 1,000 live births to six and increased measles immunisation to 100 per cent when the 2015 data is analysed. In Under-five mortality 20 15 10 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 80 70 204 Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 5 Life expectancy 1980 1990 2000 2013 Life expectancy Life expectancy in years 60 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Communicable diseases, Injuries maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 100 80 60 40 20 0


Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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