Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 215 KEY FACTS Joined Commonwealth: 1995 Population: 25,834,000 (2013) GDP p.c. growth: 3.7% p.a. 1990–2013 GNI p.c.: US$590 (2013) UN HDI 2014: World ranking 178 Life expectancy: 50 years (2013) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 87 (2013) Largest contribution to mortality: HIV/AIDS Government health expenditure: 2.8% of GDP (2012) General information Mozambique is in south-east Africa and borders (anti-clockwise, from north) the United Republic of Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland and the Indian Ocean. The country is divided into 11 provinces (from south to north): Maputo, Maputo city, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Sofala, Zambézia, Tete, Nampula, Niassa and Cabo Delgado. Climate: Tropical and subtropical. Inland is cooler than the coast and rainfall higher as the land rises. The hottest and wettest season is October–March. During April–September the coast has warm, mainly dry weather, tempered by sea breezes. The country is vulnerable to cyclones. Environment: The most significant environmental issues are desertification, pollution of surface and coastal waters, and persistent migration of people from the hinterland to urban and coastal areas. Population: 25,834,000 (2013); 32 per cent of people live in urban areas and four per cent in urban agglomerations of more than a million people. The population growth rate stood at 2.8 per cent p.a. between the years 1990 and 2013. In 2013 the birth rate was 39 per 1,000 people (48 in 1970) and life expectancy was 50 years (39 in 1970 and 43 in 1990). Ethnic groups include Makua-Lomwe in the north, Makonde in the far north, Thonga in the southern lowlands, Chopi and Thonga in the Inhambane coastal province, and Shona mainly in the central Manica and Sofala provinces. Economy: Mozambique is classified as a low-income economy by the World Bank. Health Child and maternal health: Infant mortality in Mozambique was 62 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2013, with an under-five mortality rate of 87 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2013. The under-five mortality rate in Mozambique has declined steadily since 1990. However, it has not yet reached the country’s target of 79 deaths per 1,000 live births as defined by Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4). In 2012 the most prominent cause of death for children below the age of five years was malaria, which accounted for 18 per cent of deaths. Other contributory causes to under-five mortality were acute respiratory infections (14 per cent), prematurity (12 per cent) intrapartum-related complications (11 per cent), diarrhoea (nine per cent), neonatal sepsis (six per cent), HIV/AIDS (six per cent), injuries (five per cent) and congenital anomalies (four per cent). In 2013 Mozambique had an adjusted maternal mortality ratio of 430 deaths per 100,000 live births (this figure was estimated at 490 deaths per 100,000 by UN agencies/World Bank in 2010). Burden of disease: Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in Mozambique accounted for an estimated 66 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The prevalence of HIV in Mozambique, as a percentage of people aged 15–49 years, was 10.8 per cent in 2012. The HIV prevalence rate in Mozambique
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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