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Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015

C ommo nwe a l t h memb e r c o u n t r i e s HIV, as a percentage of the people aged 15–49 years, stood at 19.1 per cent in 2012. HIV prevalence in South Africa has remained high in the period 2004–12. In 2012 there were 5,629 reported cases of malaria in the country. The number of confirmed cases of malaria fell by more than half overall between 2001 and 2012. The number of deaths from malaria has seen a slight overall decrease since 2000; however, this decline was not consistent and the number of deaths almost doubled in the period 2007–12. Since 1990 there has been a significant increase in estimated incidence of and estimated mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) from tuberculosis (TB). Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for an estimated 44 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The most prevalent NCDs in South Africa are cardiovascular diseases, which accounted for 18 per cent of total deaths across all age groups in 2012. Cancer, diabetes and noncommunicable variants of respiratory diseases contributed seven per cent, six per cent and three per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for eight per cent of deaths in 2012. Commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in South Africa include depression and anxiety disorders. The country also has a high rate of mental health conditions relating to psychoactive substance misuse. The impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa has been connected with a significant increase in medical conditions, including depression and anxiety. Health systems: South Africa’s public spending on health was 4.2 per cent of GDP in 2012, equivalent to US$308.7 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2012, there were 76 doctors, and 490 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in the period 2007–12, 91 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 66 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 95 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 74 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that there are 37 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. South Africa has approximately 400 public and private hospitals, with people living in urban areas having better access to expert health care. In 2014 the government committed to building 43 new hospitals and 213 new clinics, as well as refurbishing some existing facilities, within the next five years. There is a noticeable division between public and private health facilities, with current government policy aimed at closing the gap. Private facilities are largely aimed at middle- to high-income earners Under-five mortality 100 80 60 40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 70 60 268 Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 20 Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 20 15 10 5 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 50 0 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Communicable diseases, Injuries maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 1000 800 600 400 200 0


Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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