Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 285 KEY FACTS Joined Commonwealth: 1962 Population: 37,579,000 (2013) GDP p.c. growth: 3.3% p.a. 1990–2013 GNI p.c.: US$510 (2013) UN HDI 2014: World ranking 164 Life expectancy: 59 (2013) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 66 (2013) Largest contribution to mortality: HIV/AIDS Government health expenditure: 1.9% of GDP (2012) General information Uganda is a landlocked East African country lying astride the equator. It is bordered (clockwise from north) by South Sudan, Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Climate: Equatorial, tempered with breezes and showers. Cooler in the higher areas. Heavy rain in March–May and October–November. Little rainfall in the north-east, though northeast parts of the country experienced unusually heavy rainfall in the latter part of 2007 with heavy flooding displacing tens of thousands of people. Environment: The most significant issues are draining of wetlands for agricultural use; overgrazing, soil erosion and deforestation; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; and poaching. Population: 37,579,000 (2013); 15 per cent of people live in urban areas and five per cent in urban agglomerations of more than a million people. The population growth rate stood at 3.3 per cent p.a. between the years 1990–2013. In 2013 the birth rate was 43 per 1,000 people (49 in 1970) and life expectancy was 59 years (50 in 1970 and 48 in 1990). The rural population predominates, with most settlements concentrated around Lake Victoria. The majority of the population consists of Bantu peoples (Baganda 17 per cent, Banyankore ten per cent, Basoga eight per cent, Bakiga seven per cent, Bagisu five per cent and Bunyoro three per cent) in the west, south and east; and most of the rest of Nilotic peoples (Iteso seven per cent, Langi six per cent, Acholi five per cent, Lugbara four per cent, Alur, Karimojong and Kakwa) in the north and parts of the east; with minorities of Asians and refugees from neighbouring countries (2002 census). Economy: Uganda is classified as a low-income economy by the World Bank. Health Child and maternal health: Infant mortality in Uganda was 44 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2013, with an under-five mortality rate of 66 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2013. There has been a consistent decline in under-five mortality since 1990, given the trajectory of which Uganda is likely to meet its target of 60 deaths per 1,000 live births as defined by Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) by 2015. In 2010 the three most prominent causes of death for children below the age of five years were acute respiratory infections (15 per cent), malaria (13 per cent) and prematurity (12 per cent). Other contributory causes were intrapartum-related complications (11 per cent), diarrhoea (nine per cent), HIV/AIDS (seven per cent), neonatal sepsis (six per cent), injuries (six per cent) and congenital anomalies (five per cent). In 2013 Uganda had an adjusted maternal mortality ratio of 360 deaths per 100,000 live births (this figure was estimated at 310 deaths per 100,000 by UN agencies/World Bank in 2010). Burden of disease: Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in Uganda accounted for an estimated 60 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The prevalence of HIV in Uganda, as a percentage of population aged 15–49 years, stood at 7.4 per cent in 2013. While this is high, there has been an overall reduction in prevalence since records began in 1990. In the period 1991–2004 the rate fell from 12.6 per cent to 6.1 per cent, before increasing to 7.4 per cent in 2012. In 2011 there were Uganda
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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