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Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015

rate was then seen to rise again and in 2012 stood at 1,986,955 reported cases, while the number of deaths from the disease decreased by almost two-thirds in the period 2006–12. There has been a significant overall decrease in the estimated incidence and mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) from tuberculosis (TB) in the period 1990–2012. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for an estimated 30 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The most prevalent NCDs in Tanzania are cardiovascular diseases, which accounted for nine per cent of total deaths across all age groups in 2012. Cancers, diabetes and non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases contributed five per cent, two per cent and one per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for 12 per cent of deaths in 2012. The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in Tanzania are depression and anxiety. U n i t e d R e p u b l i c o f Ta n z a n i a Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was 2.8 per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$16 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2010, there was one doctor, and 24 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2010, 49 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 99 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 53 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 12 per cent of the population had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Tanzania has less than one pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Tanzania has nine referral hospitals, including one each in Dar es Salaam (Muhimbili National Hospital, eastern zone), in Moshi (northern), in Mzanza (western) and in Mbeya (southern), some of which are part funded by the church or charities. There are also regional and district hospitals, health centres and dispensaries throughout the country. A number of pharmaceutical companies in the country produce antiretroviral drugs from imported ingredients. The Tanzania Food and Drug Regulatory Authority regulates pharmaceutical companies. The most recent act of parliament relating to mental health in Tanzania is the Mental Health Act 2008. Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 293 Under-five mortality 200 150 100 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 50 Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 70 60 50 40 10 8 6 4 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Injuries Communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 250 200 150 100 50 0


Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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