United Republic of Tanzania Commonwealth Governance Handbook 2013/14 301 KEY FACTS Joined Commonwealth: 1961 Population: 46,218,000 (2011) GNI p.c.: US$540 (2011) UN HDI 2011: world ranking 152 Geography Area: 945,090 sq km Coastline: 1,420 km Capital: Dodoma The United Republic of Tanzania borders the Indian Ocean to the east, and has land borders with eight countries: (anti-clockwise from the north) Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (across Lake Tanganyika), Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. The country includes Zanzibar (consisting of the main island Unguja, plus Pemba and other smaller islands). Constitution Status: Republic with executive President Legislature: Parliament of Tanzania Independence: 9 December 1961 (mainland), 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar) The unicameral legislature, the National Assembly, includes some members directly elected by universal adult suffrage (in 239 constituencies in 2010), some women members nominated by the parties in proportion to the number of seats they hold in the Assembly (102 following the October 2010 election), up to ten presidential appointees, five delegates from the Zanzibar parliament and, ex officio, the Attorney-General. General elections are held every five years. The executive President is elected in separate presidential elections held simultaneously with general elections. He or she must represent a registered political party and have a running mate for the position of Vice-President of the Union. The President may serve a maximum of two fiveyear terms. The Zanzibar administration has its own President and a House of Representatives of 50 directly elected members, 15 female nominees (by the parties in proportion to the number of seats they hold in the House), ten presidential nominees, and five ex officio members; one seat is reserved for the Attorney-General. The House is responsible for legislation on domestic matters and, in practice, external trade. From October 2000, use of the full official name of United Republic of Tanzania was adopted. Judicial system Supreme court: Court of Appeal Ministry: Justice and Constitutional Affairs The Court of Appeal is the supreme court and the final appellate court; it is presided over by the chief justice. The High Court has its headquarters in Dar es Salaam and is itinerant, holding sessions in the regions. It has unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction and hears appeals arising in the lower courts. The district courts and primary courts are presided over by magistrates, the primary courts having more limited
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