C ommo nwe a l t h memb e r c o u n t r i e s decreased in the same time. Injuries accounted for nine per cent of deaths in 2012. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Botswana accounted for an estimated 46 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The most prevalent NCDs in Botswana are cardiovascular diseases, which accounted for 18 per cent of total deaths across all age groups in 2012. Noncommunicable variants of respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes contributed two per cent, five per cent and three per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). The most commonly diagnosed mental illness in Botswana is depression, with HIV often cited as a leading cause for depression. There are suggestions that poor mental health can exacerbate some symptoms of HIV. Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was three per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$217 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2010, there were 34 doctors, and 284 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2010, 99 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and, in 2013, 94 per cent of one-year olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2011, 97 per cent of the country’s population was using an improved drinking water source and 64 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–10, reports that Botswana has 19 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Botswana has three referral hospitals (in Gaborone, Francistown and Lobatse), seven district hospitals, around 16 primary hospitals and more than 250 health clinics, which are involved in the implementation of AIDS control and prevention programmes. Botswana’s small pharmaceutical industry produces some basic pharmaceutical products, as well as producing and repackaging vaccines. The distribution subsector of the industry is involved in importing, wholesaling and retailing activities. The most recent act relating to mental health in Botswana is the Mental Health Act 1997 and mental health receives specific mention in general health policy. The 2003 mental health policy is the most recent addition to mental health laws. Health MDGs: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mature in 2015, but monitoring of progress is ongoing due to the time it takes to collect and analyse data from each country. Under-five mortality 100 80 60 40 20 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 1000 80 70 60 50 152 Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 0 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Injuries Communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 800 600 400 200 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 40 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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