C ommo nwe a l t h memb e r c o u n t r i e s diseases, which accounted for 32 per cent of total deaths across all age groups in 2012; cancer, which caused 29 per cent of deaths; and respiratory diseases, which accounted for seven per cent of deaths. Injuries accounted for seven per cent of deaths in 2012. Communicable diseases accounted for an estimated five per cent of all mortality in 2012, with respiratory infections and infectious or parasitic diseases accounting for three per cent of all deaths. New Zealand is considered a non-endemic country for malaria by the World Health Organization. Estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been falling since 2002 and estimated mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) has been falling year on year since it peaked in 2010. The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in New Zealand are anxiety and other mood disorders. Health systems: In the most recent survey, conducted in 2010, there were 274 medical doctors, and 1,087 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, 93 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles in 2013. In 2012 everyone had access to improved water sources and the most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that New Zealand has 101 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Health care and disability services in New Zealand are delivered by a complex network of organisations and people. Most of the day-today business of the system is administered by 20 district health boards (DHBs), which plan, manage, provide and purchase primary health services for the people in their district, including hospital care, speciality care and community nursing. The Ministry of Health acts as a policy adviser to the government, as well as being an agent for monitoring and regulating the DHBs. Public hospitals are owned and funded by the DHBs. In addition to DHBs, health care is provided by a range of private and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Health and disability NGOs are funded by the Ministry of Health or a DHB, and provide a wide range of services. There are also more than 200 Māori health and disability providers that are Māori-owned and governed. There is a large pharmaceutical industry in New Zealand that contributes a major portion to total manufacturing exports. Pharmaceutical companies based wholly in New Zealand and conglomerates with international ties make up nearly one per cent of the world’s pharmaceutical industry. More than 34,000 people in more than 300 companies engage in manufacturing, research and development, and wholesaling. PHARMAC is the pharmaceutical management agency in New Zealand, funded by DHBs to obtain various medicines. Under-five mortality 12 10 8 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 100 80 226 Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 6 Life expectancy 1980 1990 2000 2013 Life expectancy Life expectancy in years 60 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Communicable diseases, Injuries maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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