age groups in 2012. Cancer, non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed eight per cent, six per cent and three per cent to total mortality, respectively (2012). Injuries accounted for 11 per cent of deaths in 2012. Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in Pakistan accounted for an estimated 38 per cent of all mortality in 2012. The prevalence of HIV in Pakistan, as a percentage of people aged 15–49 years, was less than 0.1 per cent in 2013, a figure which has remained unchanged since 1990. In 2012 there were 290,781 reported cases of malaria in the country. The number of reported cases of malaria had been increasing consistently since 2008, before dropping slightly in 2011–12; the number of fatalities from the disease rose significantly in 2011–12, from four deaths to 260. There has been no significant reduction in estimated incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the period 1990–2013, while estimated mortality (when mortality data excludes cases comorbid with HIV) has nearly halved over this time. P a k i s t a n The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in Pakistan are mood disorders and neurotic disorders. A strong link has been made between continued violence in the country and mental health problems. Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was one per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$12 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2010, there were 83 doctors, and 57 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2013, 52 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and 61 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 91 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 48 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Pakistan has five pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Pakistan’s Ministry of Health reports that there are almost 1,000 hospitals along with 5,000 basic health centres operating throughout the country. The largest hospitals are called tertiary care facilities, of which there are around 20, mostly located in the major cities. The private medical sector is largely funded using a fee-for-service system and serves some 70 per cent of the country’s population. This high uptake of private health care is partly due to many employers, such as the army and Pakistan Railways, offering inhouse medical provision. Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 235 Under-five mortality 150 120 90 60 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 30 Life expectancy 1980 1990 2000 2013 Life expectancy Life expectancy in years 80 70 60 50 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2012 Injuries Communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Non-communicable diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
To see the actual publication please follow the link above