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Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015

non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed five per cent, three per cent and two per cent to total mortality, respectively (2008). The most commonly diagnosed mental illness in Rwanda is posttraumatic stress disorder, which affects 29 per cent of the country’s population (2011). Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was 6.1 per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$38 per capita. In the most recent survey, conducted between 1997 and 2010, there were six doctors, and 69 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, in 2010, 69 per cent of births were attended by qualified health staff and in 2013, 97 per cent of one-year-olds were immunised with one dose of measles. In 2012, 71 per cent of people were using an improved drinking water source and 64 per cent had access to adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in the period 2000–11, reports that Rwanda has fewer than 0.5 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Rwa n d a Rwanda’s health and medical sector is well resourced, with health centres, clinics and dispensaries, as well as government-owned and private hospitals. The health system consists of three levels of service provision – central, intermediary and peripheral. The central level includes the central directorates and programmes of the Ministry of Health and the national referral hospitals. The main hospitals include the University Central Hospital and King Faisal Hospital, both located in Kigali, and the University Central Hospital of Butare, in Rwanda’s second city. There are 43 district hospitals. The Ministry of Health maintains a registry of all Rwandan health facilities. Rwanda relies entirely on imports to meet its pharmaceutical requirements. The Pharmacy Task Force of the Ministry of Health is responsible for the protection of the population by supervising the availability, effectiveness and quality of pharmaceutical products. The prevalence of some mental health conditions, such as major depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders, is far above the international average – a legacy of the 1994 genocide. The National Health Policy considers mental health as a priority and states that mental health care services should be included in all health planning in the national health system, as well as being taken into account at the community level. Diabetes Respiratory diseases Cancer Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 241 Under-five mortality 300 250 200 150 100 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 2015 MDG 4 target 50 Life expectancy and HIV/AIDS 8 7 6 5 4 3 1980 1990 2000 2013 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among those aged 15–49 Life expectancy Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population aged 15-49) Life expectancy in years 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 2 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2008 Other NCDs Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional Cardiovascular diseases Injuries Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 120 100 80 60 40 20 0


Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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