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Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015

groups in 2008, and cancer, accounting for 27 per cent of all deaths. Non-communicable variants of respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed eight per cent and one per cent to total mortality, respectively (2008). Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in the UK accounted for an estimated eight per cent of all mortality in 2008. Prevalence of HIV in the UK, as a percentage of people aged 15–49 years, is 0.3 per cent (2013). The UK is considered a non-endemic country for malaria by the World Health Organization. However, between 2001 and 2010, there were 17,063 reported cases of ‘traveller’s malaria’ – infections acquired outside the country and brought into the national territory. Estimated deaths from tuberculosis (TB) have fallen since a peak in 2008. The most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in the UK are depression and mixed anxiety. One in four people in the UK experience some kind of mental disorder in the course of a year, with one in six suffering a diagnosed disorder at any given time. Health systems: In 2012 government expenditure on health was 7.8 per cent of GDP, equivalent to US$3,009 per capita. In the U n i t e d K i n g d om most recent survey, conducted in 2012, there were 279 medical doctors, and 883 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people. Additionally, 95 per cent of one-year-olds in the UK were immunised with one dose of measles in 2013. In 2012, 100 per cent of the population had access to improved water sources and adequate sanitation facilities. The most recent survey, conducted in 2010, reported that the UK had 67 pharmaceutical personnel per 100,000 people. Health care in the UK is dominated by the National Health Service (NHS), a public initiative that provides free health care funded mainly through taxation, with a workforce of more than 1.6 million people serving England, Scotland (NHS Scotland), Wales (NHS Wales) and Northern Ireland (HSC). Each system operates independently and is accountable to its national government; however, the coverage applies to all UK citizens no matter which country they reside in. The Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland and the ministers for health in Scotland and Wales are responsible for the reform, improvement and management of health services and education as well as the running of NHS and HSC services in their respective countries. The Department of Health, England is responsible for leading, funding and shaping health and health care in England. It is Diabetes Respiratory diseases Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015 289 Under-five mortality 10 8 6 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Under-five mortality per 1,000 live births 4 Life expectancy 1980 1990 2000 2013 Life expectancy 100 Life expectancy in years 80 60 Mortality by cause of death (% of all deaths), 2008 Other NCDs Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional Injuries Cardiovascular Cancer diseases Tuberculosis: Incidence and mortality 1990 2000 2010 Mortality excluding cases comorbid with HIV (per100,000 people) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) – including cases comorbid with HIV 15 12 9 6 3 0


Commonwealth Health Partnerships 2015
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